On September 12, 2019, the Helsinki Commission Chairman Rep. Alcee L. Hastings (FL-20) and Ranking Member Rep. Joe Wilson (SC-02) introduced the Transnational Repression Accountability and Prevention (TRAP) Act in the House of Representatives.[1] On September 16, Helsinki Commission Co-Chairman Sen. Roger Wicker (MS) and Ranking Member Sen. Ben Cardin (MD) introduced the TRAP Act in the Senate on Monday. On September 12, 2019, the Commission on Security and Cooperation in Europe (CSCE), also known as the Helsinki Commission,[2] convened a hearing on the Tools of Transnational Repression: How Autocrats Punish Dissent Overseas, focusing on the role of International Criminal Police Organization (INTERPOL).[3]

On September 3, 2019, a Nicaraguan court held a hearing for the first time for Orlando Tercero in Managua, Nicaragua, where he will be tried for the murder of his former girlfriend Haley Anderson in Binghamton, New York.[1] The Nicaraguan government has denied requests from the United States government to extradite Tercero, a 23-year-old former Binghamton University student.  Tercero is suspected of strangling Anderson, a nursing student, in his Oak Street student residence.  On March 9, 2018, police discovered her body after responding to a welfare check.  Soon after the murder, U.S. authorities believe Tercero, who is a dual citizen of the U.S. and Nicaragua, caught a flight from New York to Nicaragua.[2]

On September 10, 2019, President Donald Trump issued a revised Executive Order 13224,[1] furnishing the Treasury and State Departments new mechanisms permitting the U.S. Government to better identify and designate perpetrators of terrorism worldwide, especially ones involved in terrorism financing.  Also on September 10, the U.S. Department of the Treasury’s Office of Foreign Assets Control (OFAC) used the new authorities in E.O. 13324 to designate a series of terrorist leaders, facilitators, and entities.[2]Treasury designated 15 leaders, individuals, and entities affiliated with terrorist groups.[3]  The action targets entities affiliated with HAMAS, the Islamic State of Iraq and Syria (ISIS), al-Qa’ida, and the Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps-Qods-Force (IRGC-QF), and combined with actions taken by the State Department, amounts to some of the furthest reaching designations of terrorists and their supporters in the past 15 years.

On August 21, United States Department of Treasury imposed financial sanctions on three Chinese nationals and two companies accused of producing and shipping fentanyl, a deadly synthetic opioid, to the U.S.[1] The sanctioned nationals include Guanhua Zheng, 63, and Fuijing Zheng, 36, a father and son indicted in Ohio last year on charges of producing and smuggling fentanyl and fentanyl-related substances.[2] The third man, Xiaobing Yan, 42, was linked to similar charges in Mississippi in 2017. The two companies were identified as Qinsheng Pharmaceutical Technology and the Zheng Drug Trafficking Organization, both of which are based in Shanghai.

On September 4, 2019, the United Nations (UN) Commission of Inquiry on Burundi (COIB) released its latest report on the situation in Burundi.[1] The report concludes that serious human rights violations have continued to be committed in Burundi since May 2018, in a “general climate of impunity.” Some of these violations constitute international crimes. Members of the youth league of the ruling party, the Imbonerakure, are the main perpetrators. Officers of the National Intelligence Service and the police, along with local administrative officials, are also frequently identified as perpetrators of such violations. The report confirms the existence of a climate of fear and intimidation of all persons who do not show their support to the ruling party, CNDD-FDD.

The book gives a general and practical overview of how criminal justice in the United States operates.  The book targets readers who have not studied the subject and who may not have a background in the American legal system generally.  It explains some of the distinctive features of United States criminal procedures. The author is a former U.S. Supreme Court clerk, who then was a former U.S. federal prosecutor.  He practiced cross-border white collar crime law in Paris, and has taught at the University of Amsterdam and Columbia University  Law School.

On September 5, 2019, a United States court unsealed a criminal complaint,[1] charging a Russian and an Italian national for conspiring and attempting to steal trade secrets from a United States aviation company.  On August 30, 2019, Italian law enforcement arrested Alexander Yuryevich Korshunov, 57.  The complaint also charges Maurizio Paolo Bianchi, 59.[2] Bianchi was a former director at an Italian subsidiary of GE Aviation, one of the world’s top aircraft engine suppliers.  The company has its headquarters in the South District of Ohio.  During his employment with GE Aviation, Bianchi had responsibility for business in China, Russia, and Asia.

On September 4, 2019, the Environmental Investigation Agency (EIA) welcomed two recently started investigations in Ghana with respect to the illegal rosewood trade from Ghana to China.[1] The EIA announced plans to release data every month showing the value and volume of rosewood declared as imported to China from Ghana.

On August 27, 2019, the European Court of Human Rights – Third Section (ECtHR or “the Court”) delivered a judgment in the case of Magnitsky and Others v. Russia (application numbers 32631/09 and 53799/12). It concerned Sergei Magnitsky, an auditor charged with organized tax evasion who died in pre-trial detention in November 2009. He was later convicted posthumously. In the Court’s judgment, it unanimously held that there had been: a violation of the substantive and procedural limbs of Article 2 (right to life) of the European Convention on Human Rights (ECHR or “the Convention”), a violation of Article 3 (prohibition of ill-treatment) owing to the conditions of Mr. Magnitskiy’s detention; a violation of Article 3 owing to Mr. Magnitskiy’s ill-treatment by prison guards and the lack of an effective investigation into that issue; a violation of Article 5 § 3 (right to liberty and security) owing to the length of his detention; and a violation of Article 6 §§ 1 and 2 (right to a fair trial and presumption of innocence) owing to the posthumous proceedings and his conviction.

On September 3, 2019, the Group of International and Regional Eminent Experts (“Group of Experts”) on Yemen released its report on the situation of human rights in Yemen, including violations and abuses.[1] The report highlights incidents and patterns of conduct since September 2014, including those between September 2014 and June 2018 not covered in its previous report (A/HRC/39/43), and incidents and patterns between July 2018 and June 2019 in the context of the ongoing conflict and humanitarian crisis.